Deity Ajveifshaa in Abkhaz folk songs

Abstract

Throughout the long process of human civilization, traditions have shaped and evolved within the realm of spirituality, being passed down through generations. This assertion is supported by a wealth of oral storytelling materials that serve as chroniclers of past days.

Various peoples around the world possess their distinctive traditional poetry and rituals, reflective of their unique ways of life. The Abkhazian folk tradition and ethnography are no exception.

Abkhazian folk culture is particularly abundant with hunters’ songs. Preserved textual materials demonstrate that hunters approached the deity Azhveipshaa, the god of hunting and protector of wild animals, with profound reverence, seeking his aid in capturing large game, ensuring successful hunts, and safeguarding against misfortune. Traces of pagan beliefs can be discerned in these songs dedicated to the deity Azhveipshaa.

It is noteworthy that hunters’ songs were often performed by groups of individuals. In ancient times, men would hunt together in groups, assisting one another. On occasion, a solitary individual would sing the song.

At certain stages of human development, people held the belief that the success of hunting hinged largely upon the favor of the hunting god. They believed that Azhveipshaa governed their destinies. Consequently, hunters felt compelled to uphold traditions and perform the necessary rituals before and during their hunts. It is important to highlight that, whether or not one believes in these practices, hunters continue to adhere to the generally established rules.

Simultaneously, alongside the pagan deities associated with hunting, the influence of Christianity grew stronger and began to impact traditions connected to hunting. Christian beliefs gained prominence in the lives of the people, bringing about significant changes in the spiritual world of hunters. Consequently, some hunters began to turn to Saint George, seeking his intercession for successful hunts.